Questions on Kingdom Plantae: Characteristics, Classification, and Evolution
Multiple-Choice Questions – Kingdom Plantae: Characteristics, Classification, and Evolution
1. Which of the following is a characteristic of all plants in Kingdom Plantae?
A) Heterotrophic nutrition
B) Prokaryotic cells
C) Autotrophic with chlorophyll
D) Lack of cell walls
E) Motility throughout life
2. The main photosynthetic pigment found in plants is:
A) Carotene
B) Anthocyanin
C) Xanthophyll
D) Chlorophyll a
E) Phycobilin
3. Which of the following groups of plants lack vascular tissue?
A) Gymnosperms
B) Ferns
C) Mosses
D) Angiosperms
E) Conifers
4. In plant evolution, which adaptation allowed better water conservation?
A) Chloroplasts
B) Flowers
C) Cuticle
D) Roots
E) Seeds
5. Which of the following is considered the earliest group of land plants?
A) Gymnosperms
B) Ferns
C) Angiosperms
D) Bryophytes
E) Algae
6. The dominant generation in bryophytes is the:
A) Sporophyte
B) Zygote
C) Gametophyte
D) Seedling
E) Embryo
7. What distinguishes gymnosperms from angiosperms?
A) Production of fruits
B) Presence of flowers
C) Presence of roots
D) Photosynthesis
E) Alternation of generations
8. Ferns reproduce via:
A) Seeds
B) Spores
C) Bulbs
D) Tubers
E) Runners
9. Which of the following plant groups has the most diverse and widespread members?
A) Algae
B) Bryophytes
C) Ferns
D) Angiosperms
E) Gymnosperms
10. Xylem is responsible for transporting:
A) Glucose
B) Hormones
C) Water and minerals
D) DNA
E) Chlorophyll
11. Which plant structure evolved to protect and nourish the plant embryo?
A) Stomata
B) Spores
C) Seed
D) Root hairs
E) Xylem
12. In plant classification, monocots differ from dicots by having:
A) Two seed leaves
B) Flower parts in fours or fives
C) Parallel leaf veins
D) Taproot system
E) Vascular bundles in a ring
13. Which class of plants produces cones for reproduction?
A) Bryophytes
B) Angiosperms
C) Gymnosperms
D) Algae
E) Ferns
14. Alternation of generations refers to the plant life cycle alternating between:
A) Male and female stages
B) Spore and seed stages
C) Haploid gametophyte and diploid sporophyte
D) Annual and perennial phases
E) Flowering and non-flowering stages
15. The first plants to evolve seeds were the:
A) Algae
B) Ferns
C) Gymnosperms
D) Bryophytes
E) Angiosperms
16. What is the function of stomata in plants?
A) Absorb nutrients
B) Support the plant body
C) Gas exchange
D) Reproduction
E) Transport water
17. In angiosperms, the ovary develops into a:
A) Leaf
B) Spore
C) Fruit
D) Seed
E) Root
18. Which of the following is NOT a vascular plant?
A) Fern
B) Pine
C) Moss
D) Rose
E) Grass
19. Which group of plants is known for having "naked seeds"?
A) Algae
B) Mosses
C) Ferns
D) Gymnosperms
E) Angiosperms
20. A plant with flowers and enclosed seeds is classified as a(n):
A) Gymnosperm
B) Bryophyte
C) Angiosperm
D) Fern
E) Alga
21. The main evolutionary advantage of seeds over spores is:
A) Less genetic diversity
B) Smaller size
C) Ability to remain dormant and protected
D) Need for water to reproduce
E) Lack of embryos
22. Which plant organ is primarily responsible for absorbing water and nutrients?
A) Leaf
B) Stem
C) Root
D) Flower
E) Fruit
23. Which of the following best describes monocot flowers?
A) Petals in fours or fives
B) Vascular bundles in a ring
C) Leaves with netlike veins
D) Petals in multiples of three
E) Presence of two cotyledons
24. What is a cotyledon?
A) A reproductive organ
B) A type of root
C) A seed leaf
D) A vascular tissue
E) A flower part
25. Which of the following characteristics is unique to angiosperms?
A) Seeds
B) Vascular tissue
C) Flowers and fruits
D) Spores
E) Alternation of generations
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Answer Key with Explanations
1. C – All plants are autotrophic and contain chlorophyll.
2. D – Chlorophyll a is the main pigment involved in photosynthesis.
3. C – Mosses (Bryophytes) lack vascular tissue.
4. C – The cuticle reduces water loss.
5. D – Bryophytes (like mosses) were the first land plants.
6. C – In bryophytes, the gametophyte is dominant.
7. A – Gymnosperms do not produce fruits.
8. B – Ferns reproduce via spores, not seeds.
9. D – Angiosperms are the most diverse plant group.
10. C – Xylem transports water and minerals.
11. C – Seeds protect and nourish the embryo.
12. C – Monocots have parallel leaf veins.
13. C – Gymnosperms produce cones.
14. C – Alternation occurs between gametophyte (haploid) and sporophyte (diploid).
15. C – Gymnosperms were the first seed-producing plants.
16. C – Stomata allow gas exchange for photosynthesis.
17. C – The ovary of angiosperms develops into a fruit.
18. C – Mosses are non-vascular plants.
19. D – Gymnosperms have "naked" seeds (not enclosed in fruit).
20. C – Angiosperms produce both flowers and enclosed seeds.
21. C – Seeds can stay dormant and provide protection.
22. C – Roots absorb water and minerals.
23. D – Monocot flowers usually have petals in threes or multiples of three.
24. C – A cotyledon is the first leaf from the seed.
25. C – Flowers and fruits are unique to angiosperms.
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