+20 Questions on Chromosomes
20 multiple-choice questions with five alternatives (A–E) on the topic of Chromosomes, numbered and followed by an answer key at the end.
Multiple Choice Questions: Chromosomes
1. What are chromosomes primarily made of?
A) Lipids and proteins
B) DNA and RNA
C) DNA and proteins
D) RNA and sugars
E) Glucose and enzymes
2. Where are chromosomes located in a eukaryotic cell?
A) Cytoplasm
B) Mitochondria
C) Nucleus
D) Golgi apparatus
E) Ribosomes
3. How many chromosomes are present in a typical human somatic cell?
A) 22
B) 23
C) 44
D) 46
E) 92
4. What is a homologous pair of chromosomes?
A) Chromosomes from different species
B) Identical chromosomes from mitosis
C) A pair of chromosomes with the same genes in the same order
D) Duplicated sister chromatids
E) One RNA and one DNA strand
5. What are sex chromosomes responsible for?
A) Digestive functions
B) Determining height
C) Determining biological sex
D) Determining eye color only
E) Producing ATP
6. Which chromosomes determine female sex in humans?
A) XX
B) XY
C) YY
D) XO
E) XXY
7. What are autosomes?
A) Sex chromosomes
B) Mitochondrial chromosomes
C) Chromosomes related to body traits not linked to sex
D) RNA-based structures
E) Inactive DNA strands
8. What is a karyotype?
A) An enzyme that cuts chromosomes
B) A chart of an individual's chromosomes
C) A type of gene mutation
D) A reproductive cell
E) The process of DNA replication
9. What are chromatids?
A) Structures that carry amino acids
B) Protein components of the cytoskeleton
C) Identical halves of a duplicated chromosome
D) Separate chromosomes in meiosis II
E) Enzymes that read DNA
10. What structure joins two sister chromatids?
A) Centrosome
B) Nucleolus
C) Spindle fiber
D) Centromere
E) Ribosome
11. What happens to chromosomes during mitosis?
A) They replicate
B) They break down into RNA
C) They condense and are evenly divided
D) They dissolve in the cytoplasm
E) They combine with other cells
12. How many chromosomes are found in a human gamete?
A) 23
B) 44
C) 46
D) 92
E) 22
13. What is a gene?
A) A full chromosome
B) A protein structure
C) A segment of DNA on a chromosome
D) An enzyme that helps in digestion
E) A nuclear pore
14. What term describes chromosomes that fail to separate during meiosis?
A) Duplication
B) Mutation
C) Non-disjunction
D) Replication
E) Crossing over
15. Which of the following is true of prokaryotic chromosomes?
A) Found in the nucleus
B) Linear and multiple
C) Circular and single
D) Made only of proteins
E) Enclosed in a membrane
16. Which of these organisms has the most chromosomes?
A) Humans
B) Dogs
C) Ferns
D) Cats
E) Mice
17. What is the term for a cell with two sets of chromosomes?
A) Haploid
B) Diploid
C) Triploid
D) Tetraploid
E) Anucleate
18. What is the chromosomal condition of Down syndrome?
A) Monosomy 21
B) Trisomy 18
C) Trisomy 21
D) XXY
E) XO
19. Which phase of the cell cycle do chromosomes become visible under a light microscope?
A) Interphase
B) Prophase
C) Anaphase
D) Telophase
E) G1 phase
20. What does a telomere do?
A) Initiates DNA replication
B) Protects chromosome ends from deterioration
C) Bonds RNA to DNA
D) Controls protein folding
E) Regulates cytoplasmic division
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Answer Key
1. C
2. C
3. D
4. C
5. C
6. A
7. C
8. B
9. C
10. D
11. C
12. A
13. C
14. C
15. C
16. C
17. B
18. C
19. B
20. B
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