Questions ob Demographic Transition (Ecology)
Multiple-Choice Questions: Demographic Transition
1. What is the Demographic Transition Model (DTM) used to describe?
A) Changes in ecosystem size over time
B) Migration patterns in urban areas
C) Changes in birth and death rates as a country develops
D) Political evolution of nations
E) Food production during industrialization
2. How many stages are traditionally included in the Demographic Transition Model?
A) Two
B) Three
C) Four
D) Five
E) Six
3. In Stage 1 of the DTM, both birth and death rates are:
A) Low and stable
B) High and fluctuating
C) Low and increasing
D) Moderate and equal
E) Decreasing steadily
4. What causes population growth to be slow in Stage 1?
A) High immigration
B) Low fertility
C) High birth and death rates cancel each other
D) High education level
E) Advanced healthcare
5. Stage 2 is marked by:
A) A decrease in birth rates only
B) An increase in death rates
C) A fall in death rates, while birth rates remain high
D) Stable population
E) Population decline
6. What is a common reason for falling death rates in Stage 2?
A) Decrease in fertility
B) Improved sanitation and medical care
C) Emigration
D) Industrial pollution
E) Increased warfare
7. What happens to the population size in Stage 2?
A) It stabilizes
B) It declines
C) It grows rapidly
D) It becomes extinct
E) It remains constant
8. In Stage 3, birth rates begin to:
A) Increase sharply
B) Stay constant
C) Decrease significantly
D) Match death rates
E) Rise above death rates
9. Which factor is most associated with declining birth rates in Stage 3?
A) Rise in infant mortality
B) Better access to contraception and education
C) Increased farming needs
D) Religious practices
E) Natural disasters
10. Which stage typically features a slowing population growth rate due to lower birth rates?
A) Stage 1
B) Stage 2
C) Stage 3
D) Stage 4
E) Stage 5
11. What characterizes Stage 4 of the demographic transition?
A) High birth and death rates
B) Death rate exceeds birth rate
C) Low birth and death rates with population stabilization
D) Sudden population boom
E) No population change
12. In which stage is zero population growth (ZPG) most likely to occur?
A) Stage 1
B) Stage 2
C) Stage 3
D) Stage 4
E) Stage 5
13. Some models include a Stage 5, which is characterized by:
A) Population growth resuming
B) Very high birth rates
C) Population decline due to birth rates falling below death rates
D) Return to high death rates
E) Sudden immigration
14. Which of the following best describes the economic shift during demographic transition?
A) Agrarian to industrial
B) Industrial to feudal
C) Urban to rural
D) Capitalist to tribal
E) Socialist to capitalist
15. Which is least likely to cause a country to enter Stage 3?
A) Improved education for women
B) Availability of contraceptives
C) Industrialization
D) High infant mortality
E) Urbanization
16. Which of the following is a challenge in Stage 5 for many developed countries?
A) Overpopulation
B) High death rates
C) Labor shortages and aging population
D) High fertility
E) Lack of technology
17. Which of the following regions is most likely to be in Stage 1 today?
A) Sub-Saharan Africa
B) Europe
C) North America
D) No country is in Stage 1 today
E) Southeast Asia
18. Which population structure is associated with Stage 2?
A) Top-heavy
B) Bell-shaped
C) Inverted pyramid
D) Pyramid-shaped with a wide base
E) Uniform distribution
19. What is one social consequence of declining birth rates in Stage 4 and 5?
A) Increase in school enrollment
B) Decrease in elderly care demand
C) Greater economic dependency ratio
D) Higher child labor
E) Urban overpopulation
20. The transition from Stage 2 to Stage 3 is mainly triggered by:
A) Rise in death rates
B) Sudden immigration
C) Drop in birth rates due to modernization
D) Increase in agricultural output
E) Growth of forest cover
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Answer Key with Explanations
1. C – The Demographic Transition Model tracks birth/death rates and population changes as nations develop.
2. D – Traditionally, the DTM includes four stages, with a proposed fifth added by some demographers.
3. B – In Stage 1, both birth and death rates are high and variable.
4. C – Population remains low in Stage 1 because births and deaths are both high.
5. C – Stage 2 features falling death rates but continued high birth rates.
6. B – Improvements in sanitation and medicine reduce mortality in Stage 2.
7. C – Population grows rapidly in Stage 2 due to a widening gap between births and deaths.
8. C – In Stage 3, birth rates decline.
9. B – Contraception access, women's education, and urbanization reduce birth rates in Stage 3.
10. C – Stage 3 shows slowing growth as birth rates decline.
11. C – Stage 4 has low birth and death rates, leading to stabilization.
12. D – Zero population growth usually occurs in Stage 4.
13. C – Stage 5 includes natural population decline as birth rates fall below death rates.
14. A – Demographic transition typically accompanies a shift from agrarian to industrial economies.
15. D – High infant mortality generally sustains high birth rates, not a transition to lower fertility.
16. C – An aging population and reduced workforce are key Stage 5 challenges.
17. D – No country is currently in Stage 1 due to medical and technological advances.
18. D – Stage 2 population pyramids have wide bases due to high birth rates.
19. C – Fewer working-age individuals must support more elderly people, increasing dependency.
20. C – The transition to Stage 3 comes with modernization and reduced family size.
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