Questions on Bacteria and Humans
Multiple-Choice Questions: Bacteria and Humans: Roles, Diseases, Benefits, and Interactions
1. Which of the following bacteria is a normal part of the human gut microbiota?
A) Clostridium tetani
B) Escherichia coli
C) Streptococcus pyogenes
D) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
E) Bacillus anthracis
2. Which of these bacteria is responsible for tuberculosis?
A) Neisseria gonorrhoeae
B) Mycobacterium leprae
C) Salmonella typhi
D) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
E) Staphylococcus aureus
3. Antibiotics are primarily effective against:
A) Fungi
B) Viruses
C) Bacteria
D) Parasites
E) Algae
4. The overuse of antibiotics can lead to:
A) Viral resistance
B) Autoimmune diseases
C) Antibiotic resistance in bacteria
D) Allergies to pollen
E) Immune system overproduction
5. Lactobacillus bacteria are most beneficial in:
A) Causing acne
B) Decomposing plastics
C) Maintaining vaginal health
D) Causing ulcers
E) Breaking down gasoline
6. Helicobacter pylori is associated with which human condition?
A) Pneumonia
B) Gastric ulcers
C) Skin infections
D) Arthritis
E) Diabetes
7. Which type of bacteria is often used in the production of yogurt and cheese?
A) Streptococcus pneumoniae
B) Bacillus anthracis
C) Lactobacillus bulgaricus
D) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
E) Salmonella enterica
8. Which of the following diseases is not caused by bacteria?
A) Tuberculosis
B) Cholera
C) Tetanus
D) Influenza
E) Typhoid fever
9. Which bacterium is most commonly associated with food poisoning?
A) Escherichia coli
B) Streptococcus mutans
C) Neisseria meningitidis
D) Mycobacterium leprae
E) Treponema pallidum
10. Bacteria help humans by:
A) Causing only infections
B) Depleting oxygen levels
C) Producing vitamins like vitamin K in the gut
D) Blocking immune responses
E) Creating toxins in all conditions
Human Health, Infection, and Biotechnology
11. The term pathogen refers to:
A) Any living organism
B) A substance that heals diseases
C) A beneficial microbe
D) A disease-causing organism
E) A genetic disorder
12. Which is a sexually transmitted bacterial disease?
A) AIDS
B) Gonorrhea
C) Measles
D) Hepatitis B
E) Rabies
13. Bacteria are used in biotechnology for all except:
A) Insulin production
B) Oil spill cleanup
C) Biofuel generation
D) Viral replication
E) Waste treatment
14. Which of the following bacteria causes botulism, a dangerous form of food poisoning?
A) Clostridium difficile
B) Clostridium botulinum
C) Escherichia coli
D) Listeria monocytogenes
E) Salmonella typhi
15. How can humans acquire beneficial bacteria?
A) Only by infection
B) Through healthy diet, fermented foods, and environment
C) Only through medical treatment
D) Via vaccines
E) Only during illness
16. What is the role of probiotics in human health?
A) Increase blood sugar
B) Destroy DNA
C) Improve gut microbiota
D) Eliminate all microbes
E) Act as antibiotics
17. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are a growing concern because:
A) They cause cancer
B) They cannot be seen with a microscope
C) They do not respond to standard treatments
D) They only affect animals
E) They are harmless
18. Staphylococcus aureus can cause:
A) Dental cavities only
B) Food spoilage
C) Skin infections and pneumonia
D) AIDS
E) Malaria
19. The Hygiene Hypothesis suggests:
A) Cleanliness increases bacterial infections
B) Exposure to microbes may help immune development
C) Hand washing is unnecessary
D) Antibiotics are useless
E) Microbes cause all disease
20. What is a major concern when bacteria transfer genes via plasmids?
A) They grow slower
B) They lose virulence
C) Spread of antibiotic resistance
D) They become eukaryotic
E) They die quickly
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Answer Key with Explanations
1. B – E. coli is a common part of the human gut flora (though some strains are pathogenic).
2. D – Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis.
3. C – Antibiotics target bacteria, not viruses or fungi.
4. C – Overuse promotes resistant bacterial strains.
5. C – Lactobacillus species are important in maintaining vaginal and gut health.
6. B – H. pylori is linked to peptic ulcers and stomach cancer.
7. C – Lactobacillus bulgaricus is widely used in yogurt and cheese production.
8. D – Influenza is caused by a virus, not a bacterium.
9. A – Certain E. coli strains are common causes of food poisoning.
10. C – Gut bacteria help produce vitamin K and B vitamins.
11. D – A pathogen is any microbe that causes disease.
12. B – Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted bacterial disease.
13. D – Bacteria are not used to replicate viruses (that's done in host cells).
14. B – C. botulinum causes botulism.
15. B – Beneficial bacteria come from diet, environment, and even birth.
16. C – Probiotics help balance gut bacteria.
17. C – Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are difficult to treat with standard antibiotics.
18. C – S. aureus can cause skin infections, pneumonia, and more.
19. B – This hypothesis suggests some microbe exposure helps immune system development.
20. C – Plasmid transfer can spread antibiotic resistance genes rapidly.
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