Questions About the Endocrine System: characteristics, glands, and diseases
Multiple-Choice Questions: Endocrine System
1. Which of the following statements best defines the endocrine system?
A) A system that controls voluntary muscles
B) A group of glands that secrete hormones into the blood
C) A system that filters blood and produces urine
D) A set of neurons that transmit electrical signals
E) A system of ducts that excretes sweat
2. Which gland is known as the “master gland” of the endocrine system?
A) Thyroid
B) Pineal
C) Pituitary
D) Adrenal
E) Pancreas
3. The hormone insulin is secreted by:
A) Liver
B) Kidneys
C) Pituitary gland
D) Pancreas
E) Thyroid gland
4. Which hormone regulates the body's metabolism?
A) Cortisol
B) Insulin
C) Thyroxine (T4)
D) Prolactin
E) Melatonin
5. Which endocrine gland is located in the neck and shaped like a butterfly?
A) Adrenal
B) Pituitary
C) Thyroid
D) Pineal
E) Pancreas
6. The adrenal glands are located:
A) Behind the thyroid
B) Inside the brain
C) On top of the kidneys
D) Near the pancreas
E) In the chest
7. Which of the following is a disease caused by insulin deficiency or resistance?
A) Addison’s disease
B) Diabetes mellitus
C) Hyperthyroidism
D) Acromegaly
E) Cushing’s syndrome
8. Which gland controls the circadian rhythm by releasing melatonin?
A) Pituitary
B) Adrenal
C) Pineal
D) Thyroid
E) Thymus
9. The hormone ADH (antidiuretic hormone) is responsible for:
A) Increasing blood sugar
B) Stimulating milk production
C) Retaining water in the kidneys
D) Reducing stress
E) Digesting proteins
10. Graves’ disease is caused by:
A) A deficiency of insulin
B) Overproduction of thyroid hormones
C) Adrenal insufficiency
D) Decreased production of growth hormone
E) Low cortisol levels
11. Cushing’s syndrome results from:
A) Low adrenaline levels
B) Hypersecretion of cortisol
C) High melatonin production
D) Insufficient insulin
E) Low thyroid activity
12. The parathyroid glands primarily regulate:
A) Blood pressure
B) Calcium levels
C) Sugar metabolism
D) Heart rate
E) Growth hormones
13. Which hormone stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth?
A) Prolactin
B) Oxytocin
C) Estrogen
D) ADH
E) Cortisol
14. The thymus gland is most active:
A) During adulthood
B) At old age
C) During early childhood
D) During pregnancy
E) Only at puberty
15. A lack of iodine in the diet can lead to:
A) Diabetes
B) Osteoporosis
C) Goiter
D) Addison’s disease
E) Acromegaly
16. Which of these hormones is produced by the adrenal medulla?
A) Aldosterone
B) Cortisol
C) Epinephrine
D) Testosterone
E) Insulin
17. Which hormone is released by the posterior pituitary?
A) Growth hormone
B) Prolactin
C) Oxytocin
D) FSH
E) TSH
18. What condition results from the hyposecretion of growth hormone in children?
A) Gigantism
B) Acromegaly
C) Cretinism
D) Dwarfism
E) Diabetes insipidus
19. Which of the following is not an endocrine gland?
A) Pancreas
B) Thyroid
C) Sweat gland
D) Pituitary
E) Pineal
20. The endocrine system helps maintain:
A) Bone healing only
B) Rapid muscle contraction
C) Homeostasis through hormone secretion
D) Blood clotting
E) DNA replication
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Answers and Explanations
1. B – The endocrine system is made up of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream to regulate body functions.
2. C – The pituitary gland is called the “master gland” because it controls other endocrine glands.
3. D – Insulin is secreted by the pancreas and regulates blood sugar levels.
4. C – Thyroxine (T4), secreted by the thyroid, controls the body’s metabolism.
5. C – The thyroid gland is located in the neck and has a butterfly shape.
6. C – Adrenal glands sit on top of the kidneys and produce adrenaline and cortisol.
7. B – Diabetes mellitus occurs when insulin is not properly produced or used.
8. C – The pineal gland releases melatonin, regulating sleep cycles.
9. C – ADH helps the body retain water by acting on the kidneys.
10. B – Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder causing excess thyroid hormones.
11. B – Cushing’s syndrome is caused by prolonged exposure to high cortisol levels.
12. B – The parathyroid glands regulate calcium levels in the blood.
13. B – Oxytocin causes uterine contractions and is released during childbirth.
14. C – The thymus gland is most active in early childhood and helps develop the immune system.
15. C – Lack of iodine can lead to goiter, an enlargement of the thyroid.
16. C – The adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine (adrenaline) in response to stress.
17. C – The posterior pituitary releases oxytocin and ADH.
18. D – Dwarfism is caused by insufficient growth hormone during childhood.
19. C – Sweat glands are exocrine, not endocrine glands.
20. C – The endocrine system maintains homeostasis through slow but long-lasting hormonal control.
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