Questions on Nervous System Diseases
Multiple-Choice Questions: Nervous System Diseases
1. Which of the following diseases is characterized by the progressive destruction of the myelin sheath in the central nervous system?
A) Alzheimer's disease
B) Multiple sclerosis
C) Parkinson's disease
D) Epilepsy
E) Meningitis
2. Parkinson’s disease primarily affects which part of the brain?
A) Cerebellum
B) Hippocampus
C) Frontal lobe
D) Basal ganglia
E) Occipital lobe
3. Alzheimer’s disease is most associated with which type of memory loss?
A) Short-term memory
B) Long-term memory
C) Motor memory
D) Sensory memory
E) Procedural memory
4. What is a major cause of stroke?
A) Viral infection
B) Genetic mutation
C) Blockage or rupture of a blood vessel in the brain
D) Autoimmune attack
E) Hormonal imbalance
5. Which nervous system disorder is characterized by recurrent seizures?
A) Alzheimer’s disease
B) Multiple sclerosis
C) Epilepsy
D) Parkinson’s disease
E) ALS
6. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) primarily affects:
A) Sensory neurons
B) Motor neurons
C) Interneurons
D) Cranial nerves
E) Glial cells
7. A brain infection caused by viruses or bacteria leading to inflammation of the meninges is called:
A) Epilepsy
B) Meningitis
C) Encephalitis
D) Neuropathy
E) Hydrocephalus
8. Which of the following is a neurodegenerative disease?
A) Migraine
B) Meningitis
C) Alzheimer’s disease
D) Stroke
E) Tetanus
9. Huntington’s disease is caused by:
A) Bacterial infection
B) Autoimmune disorder
C) A genetic mutation
D) Nutrient deficiency
E) Virus infection
10. Which condition is characterized by excess dopamine loss in the brain?
A) Alzheimer’s disease
B) Parkinson’s disease
C) Epilepsy
D) Multiple sclerosis
E) Huntington’s disease
11. Guillain-Barré Syndrome is classified as a:
A) Genetic disorder
B) Neurotoxic disease
C) Neurodegenerative disease
D) Peripheral autoimmune disorder
E) Tumor-induced condition
12. What is a common symptom of multiple sclerosis?
A) Fever
B) Muscle tremors
C) Numbness or tingling
D) Loss of smell
E) Excessive appetite
13. Which disorder is linked with the accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques in the brain?
A) Parkinson’s disease
B) ALS
C) Alzheimer’s disease
D) Epilepsy
E) Multiple sclerosis
14. Which of the following diseases affects voluntary muscle control due to the death of motor neurons?
A) ALS
B) Alzheimer’s disease
C) Meningitis
D) Multiple sclerosis
E) Epilepsy
15. A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is often called a:
A) Nerve flare
B) Silent seizure
C) Mini-stroke
D) Tension headache
E) Brain hemorrhage
16. The most common cause of bacterial meningitis is:
A) Streptococcus pneumoniae
B) Influenza virus
C) HIV
D) Herpes simplex virus
E) Candida albicans
17. Which of the following is a progressive genetic disorder with involuntary movements and cognitive decline?
A) Parkinson’s disease
B) Huntington’s disease
C) ALS
D) MS
E) Epilepsy
18. Which nervous system disease is most associated with tics and involuntary vocalizations?
A) Epilepsy
B) Tourette syndrome
C) Parkinson’s disease
D) Huntington’s disease
E) Alzheimer’s disease
19. Which condition can be triggered by loud noises or flashing lights?
A) Multiple sclerosis
B) Alzheimer’s disease
C) Parkinson’s disease
D) Epilepsy
E) ALS
20. Which of the following is not considered a central nervous system disorder?
A) Alzheimer’s disease
B) Parkinson’s disease
C) ALS
D) Carpal tunnel syndrome
E) Multiple sclerosis
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Answers with Extended Explanations
1. B – Multiple sclerosis damages the myelin sheath, leading to impaired signal transmission.
2. D – Parkinson’s affects the basal ganglia, especially the substantia nigra.
3. A – Alzheimer’s primarily impairs short-term memory in early stages.
4. C – A stroke happens when a blood vessel is blocked or ruptured, cutting off brain blood flow.
5. C – Epilepsy is marked by recurrent seizures due to abnormal electrical activity in the brain.
6. B – ALS primarily affects motor neurons, leading to muscle weakness and paralysis.
7. B – Meningitis is the inflammation of the meninges, typically due to infection.
8. C – Alzheimer’s disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder.
9. C – Huntington’s disease is caused by a dominant genetic mutation.
10. B – Parkinson’s disease results from the loss of dopamine-producing neurons.
11. D – Guillain-Barré Syndrome is an autoimmune disease affecting the peripheral nervous system.
12. C – A hallmark of multiple sclerosis is numbness or tingling, often in the limbs.
13. C – Alzheimer’s involves accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques and tau tangles.
14. A – ALS causes loss of voluntary muscle control due to motor neuron degeneration.
15. C – A TIA or “mini-stroke” is a brief episode of reduced blood flow to the brain.
16. A – Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common cause of bacterial meningitis.
17. B – Huntington’s disease leads to involuntary movements and mental decline.
18. B – Tourette syndrome involves motor and vocal tics.
19. D – Epileptic seizures can be triggered by stimuli like flashing lights.
20. D – Carpal tunnel syndrome affects the peripheral nervous system, not the central.
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