Questions on Integumentary System – Skin, Hair, and Nails
Multiple-Choice Questions: Integumentary System – Skin, Hair, and Nails
1. What is the largest organ of the human body?
A) Liver
B) Lungs
C) Skin
D) Heart
E) Kidney
2. The outermost layer of the skin is called:
A) Dermis
B) Hypodermis
C) Subcutaneous layer
D) Epidermis
E) Stratum basale
3. The main function of melanin in the skin is to:
A) Produce sweat
B) Fight bacteria
C) Provide elasticity
D) Protect against UV radiation
E) Store fat
4. Which protein gives skin its strength and elasticity?
A) Keratin
B) Myosin
C) Collagen
D) Elastin
E) Melanin
5. Which layer of the skin contains blood vessels and nerves?
A) Epidermis
B) Stratum corneum
C) Dermis
D) Hypodermis
E) Papillary layer
6. Sweat glands that respond to heat and are distributed over the body are:
A) Apocrine glands
B) Endocrine glands
C) Sebaceous glands
D) Eccrine glands
E) Mammary glands
7. Hair is primarily composed of:
A) Collagen
B) Cartilage
C) Keratin
D) Melanin
E) Calcium
8. The portion of the hair embedded in the skin is called the:
A) Shaft
B) Follicle
C) Root
D) Cuticle
E) Papilla
9. Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for mitotic cell division?
A) Stratum corneum
B) Stratum granulosum
C) Stratum basale
D) Stratum lucidum
E) Stratum spinosum
10. Nails are made of:
A) Collagen
B) Melanin
C) Keratin
D) Calcium
E) Elastin
11. Which part of the nail is responsible for its growth?
A) Nail bed
B) Nail plate
C) Lunula
D) Nail root (matrix)
E) Cuticle
12. Sebaceous glands produce:
A) Sweat
B) Melanin
C) Sebum
D) Collagen
E) Mucus
13. Which of the following is not a function of the skin?
A) Thermoregulation
B) Vitamin D synthesis
C) Blood cell production
D) Sensation
E) Protection
14. The hypodermis is mainly composed of:
A) Bone tissue
B) Muscle fibers
C) Adipose tissue
D) Nerve endings
E) Glandular tissue
15. Which part of the hair contains capillaries and nourishes the growing hair?
A) Shaft
B) Cuticle
C) Cortex
D) Follicle
E) Hair papilla
16. What gives skin its waterproof property?
A) Melanin
B) Elastin
C) Collagen
D) Keratin
E) Sebum
17. Goosebumps are caused by contraction of:
A) Eccrine glands
B) Adipose cells
C) Arrector pili muscles
D) Hair follicles
E) Sebaceous glands
18. Which vitamin is synthesized in the skin when exposed to sunlight?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B12
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin D
E) Vitamin K
19. Which of the following skin layers is absent in thin skin but present in thick skin (palms, soles)?
A) Stratum corneum
B) Stratum basale
C) Stratum lucidum
D) Stratum granulosum
E) Stratum spinosum
20. The primary function of nails is to:
A) Aid in thermoregulation
B) Store calcium
C) Protect fingertips and enhance sensation
D) Excrete waste
E) Absorb nutrients
21. Which skin structure is most involved in detecting pressure and vibration?
A) Free nerve endings
B) Merkel cells
C) Pacinian corpuscles
D) Melanocytes
E) Ruffini endings
22. The color of hair is determined by:
A) Blood supply
B) Melanin type and amount
C) Keratin content
D) Cuticle thickness
E) Sebum level
23. A burn that affects the epidermis and part of the dermis is classified as:
A) First-degree
B) Second-degree
C) Third-degree
D) Superficial
E) Partial-thickness
24. Which of the following connects the epidermis to the dermis?
A) Basement membrane
B) Cuticle
C) Sebaceous gland
D) Hypodermis
E) Papillary layer
25. Which of the following is an exocrine gland of the skin?
A) Adrenal gland
B) Pituitary gland
C) Sebaceous gland
D) Thyroid gland
E) Pineal gland
26. Which sensory receptor in the skin detects light touch?
A) Pacinian corpuscles
B) Ruffini endings
C) Free nerve endings
D) Meissner's corpuscles
E) Thermoreceptors
27. Which cell in the epidermis plays a role in immunity?
A) Keratinocyte
B) Melanocyte
C) Merkel cell
D) Langerhans cell
E) Fibroblast
28. Hair growth occurs in cycles that include all except:
A) Anagen
B) Catagen
C) Telogen
D) Melanogen
E) All are included
29. What is the white, crescent-shaped part of the nail called?
A) Nail plate
B) Lunula
C) Matrix
D) Eponychium
E) Nail bed
30. The pink color of nails comes from:
A) Keratin
B) Nail polish
C) Capillaries in the nail bed
D) Sebum
E) Melanin
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Answer Key with Explanations
1. C) Skin – It's the largest organ by surface area and weight.
2. D) Epidermis – The outermost, protective layer.
3. D) Protect against UV radiation – Melanin absorbs UV light.
4. C) Collagen – Provides strength and flexibility.
5. C) Dermis – Houses blood vessels, nerves, and glands.
6. D) Eccrine glands – Secrete sweat for thermoregulation.
7. C) Keratin – A strong protein forming hair.
8. C) Root – The part inside the follicle, under the skin.
9. C) Stratum basale – The deepest layer, where cell division happens.
10. C) Keratin – Hard protein forming both nails and hair.
11. D) Nail root (matrix) – Responsible for nail growth.
12. C) Sebum – Oily substance that lubricates skin and hair.
13. C) Blood cell production – This happens in bones, not skin.
14. C) Adipose tissue – Fat layer that insulates and cushions.
15. E) Hair papilla – Contains blood vessels to nourish growing hair.
16. D) Keratin – Makes skin resistant to water.
17. C) Arrector pili muscles – Cause hairs to stand erect.
18. D) Vitamin D – Synthesized from cholesterol with UV exposure.
19. C) Stratum lucidum – Found only in thick skin.
20. C) Protect fingertips and enhance sensation – Also aid in fine manipulation.
21. C) Pacinian corpuscles – Detect deep pressure and vibration.
22. B) Melanin type and amount – Eumelanin and pheomelanin determine color.
23. B) Second-degree – Damages epidermis and part of the dermis.
24. A) Basement membrane – Anchors the epidermis to dermis.
25. C) Sebaceous gland – Excretes sebum onto skin surface.
26. D) Meissner's corpuscles – Detect light touch and texture.
27. D) Langerhans cell – Act as antigen-presenting cells in the skin.
28. D) Melanogen – Not a phase of the hair cycle.
29. B) Lunula – Visible part of the matrix.
30. C) Capillaries in the nail bed – Provide the pinkish hue.
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