Questions on Eukaryotic Gene Regulation
Multiple-Choice Questions: Eukaryotic Gene Regulation
1. Which of the following is a common level of gene regulation in eukaryotes?
A) DNA replication
B) Transcription
C) Translation only
D) Meiosis
E) RNA degradation
2. What is the function of transcription factors?
A) Degrade mRNA
B) Bind enhancers or promoters to regulate transcription
C) Bind ribosomes
D) Replicate DNA
E) Modify lipids
3. What is the role of enhancers in gene regulation?
A) Suppress gene transcription
B) Code for proteins
C) Increase the rate of transcription
D) Degrade RNA
E) Inhibit RNA polymerase
4. Which protein complex helps regulate transcription by modifying chromatin structure?
A) Ribosome
B) RNA polymerase
C) Histone acetyltransferase
D) DNA polymerase
E) tRNA synthetase
5. Histone acetylation generally leads to:
A) Gene silencing
B) Chromosome fragmentation
C) Enhanced gene expression
D) DNA degradation
E) Apoptosis
6. What effect does DNA methylation usually have on gene expression?
A) Increases transcription
B) Activates translation
C) Promotes splicing
D) Silences genes
E) Facilitates ribosome assembly
7. Which element can act far from the gene it regulates?
A) Promoter
B) Start codon
C) Enhancer
D) Operator
E) Exon
8. Which of the following regulates gene expression after transcription?
A) Histone acetylation
B) Enhancers
C) Alternative splicing
D) DNA methylation
E) Transcription factors
9. Alternative splicing results in:
A) Silenced genes
B) Inhibited replication
C) Multiple proteins from a single gene
D) Deletion of exons from DNA
E) Methylation of ribosomes
10. Which of the following can block RNA polymerase from transcribing DNA?
A) Enhancers
B) Spliceosomes
C) Silencers
D) Ribosomes
E) miRNA
11. RNA interference involves which type of molecule?
A) tRNA
B) rRNA
C) mRNA
D) siRNA
E) snRNA
12. Which enzyme is involved in chromatin remodeling?
A) DNA ligase
B) RNA polymerase
C) Histone deacetylase
D) DNA helicase
E) Peptidyl transferase
13. What is the function of microRNAs (miRNAs)?
A) Replicate DNA
B) Promote translation
C) Silence mRNA
D) Build ribosomes
E) Acetylate histones
14. Which term describes DNA regions that bind activators to increase transcription?
A) Operators
B) Promoters
C) Enhancers
D) Silencers
E) Introns
15. Which of the following is a form of epigenetic regulation?
A) Protein folding
B) RNA transcription
C) DNA methylation
D) DNA replication
E) Ribosome assembly
16. The TATA box is part of which region of a gene?
A) Coding region
B) Promoter
C) Enhancer
D) Exon
E) Intron
17. Which process modifies pre-mRNA before translation?
A) Transcription
B) Replication
C) RNA processing
D) Translation
E) Epigenetics
18. What is a transcription factor?
A) An enzyme that digests DNA
B) A molecule that silences genes
C) A protein that binds DNA to regulate transcription
D) A ribosome component
E) A protein that replicates RNA
19. Which of the following is NOT involved in regulating gene expression in eukaryotes?
A) RNA splicing
B) Histone acetylation
C) DNA methylation
D) Repressible operons
E) Transcription factors
20. Gene expression in eukaryotic cells is typically regulated at:
A) Only at transcription
B) Multiple levels from chromatin to translation
C) Only during DNA replication
D) The level of protein degradation only
E) Only during meiosis
Answer Key:
1. B
2. B
3. C
4. C
5. C
6. D
7. C
8. C
9. C
10. C
11. D
12. C
13. C
14. C
15. C
16. B
17. C
18. C
19. D
20. B
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