Questions on Human Genome
20 multiple-choice questions about the Human Genome, each with five alternatives, followed by the answers at the end.
Multiple-Choice Questions: Human Genome
1. What is the human genome?
A) The complete set of proteins in humans
B) The complete set of DNA in a human cell
C) The collection of all human cells
D) The sum of all chromosomes in a species
E) Only the genes that code for proteins
2. How many chromosomes are found in a typical human cell?
A) 22
B) 23
C) 46
D) 48
E) 92
3. Which project was responsible for mapping the entire human genome?
A) Human Proteome Project
B) Human Genome Project
C) Human Cell Project
D) DNA Sequencing Initiative
E) Human Chromosome Project
4. Approximately how many genes are estimated to be in the human genome?
A) 500
B) 5,000
C) 20,000–25,000
D) 100,000
E) 1,000,000
5. What is a gene?
A) A protein that carries DNA
B) A sequence of DNA that codes for a protein or RNA
C) The whole DNA molecule in a cell
D) A part of the cell’s cytoplasm
E) A type of chromosome
6. What percentage of the human genome is estimated to code for proteins?
A) About 1-2%
B) About 10%
C) About 50%
D) About 75%
E) Nearly 100%
7. What are non-coding regions of the genome often called?
A) Junk DNA
B) Genes
C) Proteins
D) Chromosomes
E) Ribosomes
8. Which of the following is NOT part of the human genome?
A) Nuclear DNA
B) Mitochondrial DNA
C) RNA molecules
D) Chromosomes
E) Genes
9. Mitochondrial DNA is inherited from which parent?
A) Father
B) Mother
C) Both parents equally
D) Randomly from either parent
E) Paternal grandmother only
10. What is a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)?
A) A mutation causing disease
B) A variation at a single position in DNA among individuals
C) A section of DNA that codes for multiple genes
D) A chromosome abnormality
E) A type of gene that causes cancer
11. What is the role of telomeres in the genome?
A) Code for proteins
B) Protect the ends of chromosomes
C) Help in DNA replication by making RNA
D) Control gene expression
E) Cause mutations
12. Which enzyme is responsible for copying DNA during cell division?
A) DNA polymerase
B) RNA polymerase
C) Helicase
D) Ligase
E) Reverse transcriptase
13. What is epigenetics?
A) Changes to the DNA sequence itself
B) Changes in gene expression without altering DNA sequence
C) Mutations passed down through generations
D) DNA replication errors
E) Inheritance of mitochondrial DNA
14. What is the significance of the Human Genome Project for medicine?
A) It eliminated all genetic diseases
B) It helped identify genes linked to diseases
C) It proved that all humans have identical DNA
D) It showed that most DNA is made of proteins
E) It discovered the structure of DNA
15. What is the human genome mostly composed of?
A) Genes only
B) Protein-coding regions only
C) Non-coding DNA, including regulatory sequences
D) Ribosomal RNA genes
E) Only repetitive sequences
16. Which technology was primarily used to sequence the human genome?
A) PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
B) Sanger sequencing
C) CRISPR-Cas9
D) Gel electrophoresis
E) Fluorescence microscopy
17. Which chromosome is the largest in the human genome?
A) Chromosome 1
B) Chromosome 21
C) Chromosome X
D) Chromosome Y
E) Chromosome 22
18. What term describes the physical location of a gene on a chromosome?
A) Allele
B) Locus
C) Genome
D) Codon
E) Chromatin
19. What is the typical length of DNA in one human cell if stretched out?
A) A few micrometers
B) About 2 meters
C) About 1 centimeter
D) About 100 nanometers
E) About 1 kilometer
20. How many base pairs are estimated to be in the human genome?
A) 3 million
B) 3 billion
C) 30 billion
D) 300 million
E) 30 million
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Answer Key
1. B
2. C
3. B
4. C
5. B
6. A
7. A
8. C
9. B
10. B
11. B
12. A
13. B
14. B
15. C
16. B
17. A
18. B
19. B
20. B
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