Questions on Immune System
Multiple-Choice Questions: Immune System
1. What is the primary function of the immune system?
A) To regulate body temperature
B) To transport oxygen
C) To fight infections and diseases
D) To digest food
E) To excrete waste products
2. Which of the following is a type of white blood cell important in immunity?
A) Erythrocyte
B) Neuron
C) Lymphocyte
D) Platelet
E) Myocyte
3. Which organ produces T lymphocytes (T cells)?
A) Liver
B) Spleen
C) Thymus
D) Pancreas
E) Bone marrow
4. Which type of immunity is present from birth and responds to all pathogens in the same way?
A) Adaptive immunity
B) Artificial immunity
C) Innate immunity
D) Acquired immunity
E) Passive immunity
5. What type of cell produces antibodies?
A) T cell
B) Macrophage
C) B cell (Plasma cell)
D) Neutrophil
E) Basophil
6. Which of the following is an example of passive immunity?
A) Immunization with a vaccine
B) Recovery from an illness
C) Inheritance of immune genes
D) Antibodies from breast milk
E) Developing antibodies after infection
7. What is the main role of the spleen in the immune system?
A) Absorb nutrients
B) Filter blood and store white blood cells
C) Regulate blood sugar
D) Control hormone levels
E) Pump blood
8. Which of these is considered a first line of defense?
A) T cells
B) Stomach acid
C) B cells
D) Interferons
E) Antibodies
9. What are antigens?
A) Hormones that stimulate immunity
B) White blood cells
C) Substances that trigger an immune response
D) Blood proteins
E) Enzymes in saliva
10. Which cells directly destroy infected or abnormal body cells?
A) B cells
B) Helper T cells
C) Cytotoxic T cells
D) Platelets
E) Natural killer cells
11. Which immune cells act as antigen-presenting cells?
A) Red blood cells
B) Platelets
C) Dendritic cells
D) Muscle cells
E) Skin cells
12. What is the term for an exaggerated immune response to a harmless substance?
A) Infection
B) Allergy
C) Immunity
D) Resistance
E) Vaccination
13. Which chemical is released by mast cells during allergic reactions?
A) Insulin
B) Histamine
C) Hemoglobin
D) Cytokine
E) Dopamine
14. What is the primary purpose of vaccination?
A) To cure diseases
B) To kill bacteria directly
C) To stimulate immune memory
D) To increase body temperature
E) To regulate hormones
15. Which of the following is NOT a component of the immune system?
A) Bone marrow
B) Lymph nodes
C) Spleen
D) Liver
E) Thymus
16. Which of these diseases results from the immune system attacking the body's own tissues?
A) HIV/AIDS
B) Influenza
C) Lupus
D) Tuberculosis
E) Malaria
17. HIV primarily infects which type of immune cell?
A) B cells
B) Cytotoxic T cells
C) Helper T cells (CD4+)
D) Dendritic cells
E) Neutrophils
18. What part of the immune system remembers past infections?
A) Macrophages
B) Platelets
C) Memory cells
D) Neutrophils
E) Basophils
19. Which protein helps to tag pathogens for destruction?
A) Actin
B) Hemoglobin
C) Myosin
D) Antibody
E) Keratin
20. Which type of immunity develops after exposure to a disease-causing organism?
A) Passive immunity
B) Innate immunity
C) Artificial immunity
D) Active immunity
E) Primary immunity
21. Which cell type engulfs and digests pathogens?
A) Platelets
B) Red blood cells
C) Macrophages
D) B cells
E) Astrocytes
22. What does the lymphatic system transport?
A) Oxygen and glucose
B) Hormones and enzymes
C) Lymph, which contains white blood cells
D) Red blood cells only
E) Digested fats
23. What is the name of the small organs that filter lymph and trap pathogens?
A) Spleens
B) Kidneys
C) Pancreas
D) Lymph nodes
E) Glands
24. Which type of white blood cell is often the first to respond to an infection?
A) B cell
B) Neutrophil
C) Basophil
D) Eosinophil
E) Monocyte
25. Which autoimmune disease affects the joints?
A) Diabetes mellitus
B) Rheumatoid arthritis
C) Asthma
D) Lupus
E) Tuberculosis
26. What is an immunodeficiency disorder?
A) A disease that results in an overactive immune system
B) When the immune system attacks non-harmful substances
C) A lack of immune response or weakened defense
D) A genetic overproduction of white blood cells
E) A normal part of aging
27. What is a cytokine?
A) A pathogen
B) A digestive enzyme
C) A signaling protein used in immune responses
D) A hormone from the adrenal gland
E) A type of antibody
28. What type of immunity is provided by vaccines?
A) Innate
B) Passive
C) Artificial active
D) Natural passive
E) Genetic
29. Which cells coordinate the immune response by activating other immune cells?
A) Platelets
B) Neutrophils
C) Helper T cells
D) Macrophages
E) Natural killer cells
30. Which condition is caused by the failure of the immune system to recognize self-antigens?
A) Allergy
B) Immunodeficiency
C) Autoimmune disease
D) Vaccination
E) Infection
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Answer Key with Explanations
1. C – The immune system protects the body from pathogens.
2. C – Lymphocytes are crucial white blood cells in immunity.
3. C – The thymus is where T cells mature.
4. C – Innate immunity is the body’s general defense mechanism.
5. C – B cells (when activated as plasma cells) produce antibodies.
6. D – Breast milk provides passive immunity via antibodies.
7. B – The spleen filters blood and stores immune cells.
8. B – Stomach acid is a first-line defense against pathogens.
9. C – Antigens trigger immune responses.
10. C – Cytotoxic T cells destroy infected cells directly.
11. C – Dendritic cells present antigens to T cells.
12. B – Allergies are overreactions to harmless antigens.
13. B – Histamine causes allergy symptoms.
14. C – Vaccines stimulate immune memory without causing disease.
15. D – The liver is not directly part of the immune system.
16. C – Lupus is an autoimmune disease.
17. C – HIV targets CD4+ (Helper T) cells.
18. C – Memory cells "remember" previous infections.
19. D – Antibodies tag pathogens for destruction.
20. D – Active immunity results from infection or vaccination.
21. C – Macrophages engulf and digest microbes.
22. C – Lymph transports white blood cells and filters fluid.
23. D – Lymph nodes filter pathogens from lymph.
24. B – Neutrophils are often the first responders to infection.
25. B – Rheumatoid arthritis involves autoimmune attack on joints.
26. C – Immunodeficiency involves a weakened or absent immune system.
27. C – Cytokines are communication proteins in immunity.
28. C – Vaccines provide artificial active immunity.
29. C – Helper T cells activate other immune cells.
30. C – Autoimmune diseases result from loss of self-tolerance
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