Questions on Mendelian Inheritance
20 multiple-choice questions on Mendelian Inheritance, each with five alternatives (A–E). The answer key is provided at the end.
Multiple-Choice Questions: Mendelian Inheritance
1. Who is considered the father of modern genetics?
A) Charles Darwin
B) Gregor Mendel
C) Louis Pasteur
D) Thomas Morgan
E) James Watson
2. Mendel conducted his experiments using which plant?
A) Corn
B) Sunflower
C) Tomato
D) Pea
E) Bean
3. The Law of Segregation states that:
A) Genes are always dominant
B) Chromosomes separate during mitosis
C) Alleles separate during gamete formation
D) Only dominant traits are inherited
E) Mutations cause genetic variation
4. According to Mendel’s laws, each individual has:
A) One allele for each trait
B) Two alleles for each gene
C) Four chromosomes per trait
D) Unlimited variation
E) One dominant gene only
5. The observable trait in an organism is called the:
A) Genotype
B) Recessive gene
C) Allele
D) Phenotype
E) Chromatid
6. An organism with two identical alleles is:
A) Heterozygous
B) Dominant
C) Codominant
D) Homozygous
E) Mutant
7. A recessive trait is expressed only when:
A) It’s paired with a dominant trait
B) Both alleles are dominant
C) The organism is heterozygous
D) Both alleles are recessive
E) The trait skips a generation
8. The genetic makeup of an organism is its:
A) Genotype
B) Phenotype
C) Chromosome
D) Trait
E) Allele
9. Which genotype represents a heterozygous organism?
A) AA
B) aa
C) Aa
D) BB
E) AABB
10. The dominant allele is usually represented by:
A) A lowercase letter
B) A number
C) A symbol
D) An uppercase letter
E) A Greek letter
11. In a monohybrid cross between two heterozygotes (Aa x Aa), the expected ratio of dominant to recessive phenotype is:
A) 1:1
B) 3:1
C) 2:1
D) 4:0
E) 1:3
12. Which of the following genotypes will express the dominant trait?
A) aa only
B) Aa only
C) AA and Aa
D) aa and Aa
E) Only AA
13. If two homozygous parents (AA and aa) are crossed, all offspring will be:
A) Homozygous dominant
B) Homozygous recessive
C) Heterozygous
D) Recessive
E) Genetically identical to the mother
14. In Mendelian inheritance, traits are controlled by:
A) Proteins
B) Chromosomes
C) Genes with two alleles
D) Environmental factors
E) Dominant chromosomes only
15. What is an allele?
A) A type of chromosome
B) A different form of a gene
C) A dominant trait
D) A part of the cell membrane
E) A recessive phenotype
16. What is the purpose of a Punnett square?
A) Measure chromosomes
B) Map genetic mutations
C) Predict offspring genotypes
D) Determine protein structure
E) Observe meiosis
17. Mendel’s experiments showed that inheritance is:
A) Blended from both parents
B) Acquired through use and disuse
C) Based on discrete units
D) Random and unpredictable
E) Not affected by genes
18. Which of the following is a Mendelian trait?
A) Blood type
B) Height
C) Skin color
D) Tongue rolling
E) Eye color
19. What is a dihybrid cross?
A) A cross involving one gene
B) A cross involving two traits
C) A genetic mutation
D) A recessive condition
E) A linkage of chromosomes
20. The Law of Independent Assortment applies to genes:
A) On the same chromosome
B) That are linked
C) On different chromosomes
D) That mutate often
E) Found in mitochondria
Answer Key:
1. B
2. D
3. C
4. B
5. D
6. D
7. D
8. A
9. C
10. D
11. B
12. C
13. C
14. C
15. B
16. C
17. C
18. D
19. B
20. C
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