Questions on Vascular Plants
Multiple-Choice Questions: Vascular Plants
1. What characteristic defines vascular plants?
A) Lack of true roots
B) Presence of spores only
C) Possession of xylem and phloem
D) Reproduction by binary fission
E) Absence of chloroplasts
2. Which of the following is a vascular plant?
A) Moss
B) Liverwort
C) Hornwort
D) Fern
E) Algae
3. Xylem in vascular plants is primarily responsible for:
A) Transporting sugars
B) Photosynthesis
C) Transporting water and minerals
D) Producing seeds
E) Anchoring the plant
4. Phloem in vascular plants transports:
A) Oxygen
B) Carbon dioxide
C) Water
D) Sugars and nutrients
E) Spores
5. The group of vascular plants that reproduce via spores includes:
A) Gymnosperms
B) Ferns
C) Angiosperms
D) Mosses
E) Liverworts
6. What is the dominant generation in vascular plants?
A) Gametophyte
B) Sporophyte
C) Zygote
D) Rhizoid
E) Protonema
7. What tissue provides structural support in vascular plants?
A) Phloem
B) Cambium
C) Xylem
D) Epidermis
E) Parenchyma
8. In seed plants, the seeds are produced in:
A) Rhizoids
B) Roots
C) Leaves
D) Flowers or cones
E) Spores
9. Which of the following is a vascular plant that produces seeds in cones?
A) Fern
B) Algae
C) Gymnosperm
D) Bryophyte
E) Hornwort
10. The first vascular plants appeared during which geologic period?
A) Cambrian
B) Jurassic
C) Silurian
D) Cretaceous
E) Permian
11. What part of the vascular plant absorbs water and minerals from the soil?
A) Stems
B) Leaves
C) Seeds
D) Roots
E) Flowers
12. Which part of the vascular plant is mainly responsible for photosynthesis?
A) Roots
B) Flowers
C) Seeds
D) Stems
E) Leaves
13. Ferns reproduce using:
A) Seeds
B) Flowers
C) Spores
D) Fruits
E) Tubers
14. What is the function of the cuticle in vascular plants?
A) Absorb nutrients
B) Protect against water loss
C) Reproduce
D) Transport sugars
E) Anchor the plant
15. Which of the following vascular plants produces flowers?
A) Mosses
B) Gymnosperms
C) Angiosperms
D) Liverworts
E) Hornworts
16. The vascular tissue that can grow and produce new xylem and phloem is called:
A) Stomata
B) Cortex
C) Cambium
D) Mesophyll
E) Stigma
17. What is a distinguishing feature of angiosperms?
A) No seeds
B) Seeds enclosed in fruits
C) Seeds in cones
D) Water transport via rhizoids
E) Lack of vascular tissue
18. The term "tracheophyte" refers to:
A) Nonvascular algae
B) Plants with flowers
C) Vascular plants
D) Aquatic plants
E) Photosynthetic bacteria
19. Which of the following best describes gymnosperms?
A) Nonvascular plants with flowers
B) Seedless vascular plants
C) Vascular plants with naked seeds
D) Plants with spores in fruits
E) Plants without chlorophyll
20. In vascular plants, which organ system supports the plant and transports nutrients?
A) Flowers
B) Leaves
C) Stems
D) Fruits
E) Rhizoids
21. Which adaptation allows vascular plants to grow taller than nonvascular plants?
A) Use of spores
B) Presence of rhizoids
C) Vascular tissue for support and transport
D) Symbiosis with fungi
E) Photosynthesis in roots
22. Which structure in vascular plants opens and closes to regulate gas exchange?
A) Phloem
B) Xylem
C) Guard cells
D) Roots
E) Cambium
23. What is the function of lignin in vascular plants?
A) Starch storage
B) Flower color
C) Structural support
D) DNA replication
E) Gas exchange
24. In the life cycle of vascular plants, meiosis results in the formation of:
A) Seeds
B) Spores
C) Gametes
D) Fruits
E) Zygotes
25. Which of these best describes the alternation of generations in vascular plants?
A) Sporophyte and gametophyte are genetically identical
B) Only gametophyte is multicellular
C) Alternating haploid and diploid phases
D) Seeds alternate with spores
E) No alternation; they reproduce asexually
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Answer Key with Explanations
1. C – Vascular plants have xylem and phloem for transport.
2. D – Ferns are vascular plants; mosses and others are not.
3. C – Xylem carries water and minerals from roots upward.
4. D – Phloem distributes sugars made during photosynthesis.
5. B – Ferns reproduce via spores but have vascular tissue.
6. B – The sporophyte is the dominant, visible stage.
7. C – Xylem contains lignin, giving structural support.
8. D – Seeds are formed in flowers (angiosperms) or cones (gymnosperms).
9. C – Gymnosperms like pines produce seeds in cones.
10. C – First vascular plants evolved in the Silurian period.
11. D – Roots absorb water and minerals from the soil.
12. E – Leaves contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis.
13. C – Ferns reproduce with spores, not seeds.
14. B – The cuticle is a waxy layer that conserves water.
15. C – Angiosperms are the only plant group with flowers.
16. C – Cambium is a growth tissue that produces xylem and phloem.
17. B – Angiosperm seeds are enclosed in fruits.
18. C – “Tracheophyte” is another term for vascular plants.
19. C – Gymnosperms have seeds not enclosed in fruit ("naked seeds").
20. C – Stems provide structure and transport pathways.
21. C – Vascular tissue allows height and internal transport.
22. C – Guard cells control the opening/closing of stomata.
23. C – Lignin reinforces xylem walls, helping the plant stand upright.
24. B – Meiosis in plants forms spores that develop into gametophytes.
25. C – Vascular plants alternate between haploid (gametophyte) and diploid (sporophyte) generations.
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