Questions on Eukaryote Evolution
Multiple-Choice Questions: Eukaryote Evolution
1. What is a defining feature of eukaryotic cells compared to prokaryotic cells?
A) Lack of membrane-bound organelles
B) Presence of a nucleus
C) Smaller size
D) Absence of DNA
E) Lack of cytoplasm
2. Which theory explains the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells?
A) Spontaneous generation
B) Endosymbiotic theory
C) Cell theory
D) Abiogenesis
E) Gene theory
3. According to the endosymbiotic theory, mitochondria originated from:
A) Viral infection
B) Engulfed aerobic bacteria
C) Engulfed archaea
D) Photosynthetic bacteria
E) Cyanobacteria
4. Chloroplasts in plant cells are believed to have evolved from:
A) Engulfed cyanobacteria
B) Fungal cells
C) Aerobic bacteria
D) Mitochondria
E) Viral particles
5. Which of these organelles is NOT thought to have arisen through endosymbiosis?
A) Mitochondria
B) Chloroplasts
C) Nucleus
D) None of the above
E) Ribosomes
6. What type of cell likely gave rise to the first eukaryotes?
A) Archaea
B) Bacteria
C) Viruses
D) Fungi
E) Algae
7. What key advantage did the development of the nucleus provide to early eukaryotes?
A) Faster reproduction
B) Protection of genetic material
C) Ability to photosynthesize
D) Larger cell size
E) Cell wall formation
8. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic typical of eukaryotic cells?
A) Multiple linear chromosomes
B) Membrane-bound organelles
C) Circular DNA in cytoplasm
D) Cytoskeleton
E) Larger ribosomes
9. Which evolutionary event allowed eukaryotes to become multicellular?
A) Endosymbiosis
B) Development of cell differentiation
C) Loss of cell wall
D) Development of binary fission
E) Spontaneous generation
10. How did the cytoskeleton contribute to eukaryote evolution?
A) It enabled movement and structural support
B) It produced energy
C) It stored genetic information
D) It replicated DNA
E) It digested food
11. What is the estimated age of the earliest eukaryotic fossils?
A) About 500 million years ago
B) About 2 billion years ago
C) About 4 billion years ago
D) About 100 million years ago
E) About 3.5 billion years ago
12. Which of these is a group of single-celled eukaryotes?
A) Archaea
B) Bacteria
C) Protists
D) Viruses
E) Cyanobacteria
13. The appearance of which organelle marks a key step in eukaryotic evolution?
A) Ribosome
B) Lysosome
C) Nucleus
D) Cell wall
E) Flagella
14. What was one probable reason for the engulfing of aerobic bacteria by ancestral eukaryotes?
A) To provide protection
B) To gain energy via aerobic respiration
C) To help in photosynthesis
D) To form the cell wall
E) To become multicellular
15. Which of the following statements about mitochondria is TRUE?
A) They reproduce independently inside the cell
B) They have no DNA
C) They evolved from viruses
D) They are only found in plant cells
E) They produce proteins only
16. Which domain do eukaryotes belong to?
A) Bacteria
B) Archaea
C) Eukarya
D) Prokarya
E) Virus
17. Which feature distinguishes eukaryotic genes from prokaryotic genes?
A) Genes are arranged in operons
B) Genes contain introns and exons
C) Genes lack promoters
D) Genes are circular
E) Genes do not code for proteins
18. Which organelle evolved from an engulfed photosynthetic bacterium?
A) Mitochondrion
B) Chloroplast
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Endoplasmic reticulum
E) Peroxisome
19. What role do mitochondria play in eukaryotic cells?
A) Photosynthesis
B) Energy production (ATP synthesis)
C) Protein synthesis
D) DNA storage
E) Lipid synthesis
20. Which structure in eukaryotic cells controls entry and exit of materials?
A) Cell wall
B) Plasma membrane
C) Cytoplasm
D) Nucleus
E) Ribosome
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Answer Key
1. B
2. B
3. B
4. A
5. C
6. A
7. B
8. C
9. B
10. A
11. B
12. C
13. C
14. B
15. A
16. C
17. B
18. B
19. B
20. B
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