Questions on Plant: Structure, Tissues and Growth
Multiple-Choice Questions: Plant Structure, Tissues, and Growth
1. What is the main function of xylem tissue?
A) Transport of sugars
B) Support and protection
C) Transport of water and minerals
D) Photosynthesis
E) Production of flowers
2. Which plant tissue is responsible for transporting organic nutrients (like sucrose)?
A) Xylem
B) Phloem
C) Cambium
D) Collenchyma
E) Parenchyma
3. The region where cell division occurs in plants is called the:
A) Xylem
B) Phloem
C) Meristem
D) Cortex
E) Cuticle
4. Which of the following is a primary meristem?
A) Cork cambium
B) Vascular cambium
C) Apical meristem
D) Root hairs
E) Endodermis
5. The outer protective layer of a plant is called the:
A) Phloem
B) Epidermis
C) Xylem
D) Cortex
E) Cambium
6. Which tissue is responsible for secondary growth in dicots?
A) Apical meristem
B) Xylem
C) Phloem
D) Vascular cambium
E) Epidermis
7. Parenchyma cells are mainly involved in:
A) Water transport
B) Support and structure
C) Photosynthesis and storage
D) Seed dispersal
E) Reproduction
8. The function of collenchyma tissue is:
A) Transport of nutrients
B) Protection from insects
C) Flexible support in young organs
D) Anchoring the plant
E) Photosynthesis
9. Sclerenchyma tissue differs from collenchyma in that it:
A) Is alive at maturity
B) Is found only in roots
C) Has thick, lignified cell walls
D) Performs photosynthesis
E) Has no defined function
10. Which part of the plant absorbs water and minerals?
A) Leaf
B) Flower
C) Stem
D) Root
E) Stomata
11. Which structure regulates gas exchange in leaves?
A) Xylem vessels
B) Trichomes
C) Guard cells
D) Cuticle
E) Palisade cells
12. What type of plant tissue makes up most of the soft internal parts of plants?
A) Xylem
B) Phloem
C) Parenchyma
D) Sclerenchyma
E) Epidermis
13. Lateral meristems are responsible for:
A) Primary growth
B) Production of flowers
C) Production of seeds
D) Secondary growth
E) Leaf development
14. The vascular bundle includes:
A) Only phloem
B) Only xylem
C) Xylem and phloem
D) Xylem and epidermis
E) Cortex and pith
15. In woody plants, the bark consists mainly of:
A) Xylem
B) Cambium
C) Phloem and cork
D) Trichomes
E) Parenchyma
16. What protects the tip of a growing root?
A) Cuticle
B) Root hairs
C) Apical meristem
D) Root cap
E) Cortex
17. Which is not a vascular tissue?
A) Xylem
B) Phloem
C) Cambium
D) Collenchyma
E) Vascular cambium
18. The growth of plant stems and roots in length is due to activity in the:
A) Vascular cambium
B) Apical meristem
C) Cork cambium
D) Sclerenchyma
E) Leaf primordia
19. Which plant tissue stores starch and other nutrients?
A) Collenchyma
B) Parenchyma
C) Phloem
D) Sclerenchyma
E) Xylem
20. Which structure transports water through cohesion and adhesion mechanisms?
A) Phloem
B) Parenchyma
C) Tracheids and vessels
D) Cambium
E) Cortex
21. What tissue is responsible for making new cells in plant roots and shoots?
A) Epidermis
B) Cortex
C) Meristem
D) Xylem
E) Pith
22. The primary function of the cuticle is:
A) Transport of water
B) Structural support
C) Photosynthesis
D) Prevention of water loss
E) Reproduction
23. Which plant tissue thickens stems and roots during secondary growth?
A) Apical meristem
B) Lateral meristem
C) Collenchyma
D) Phloem
E) Pith
24. The cortex in plant stems is located:
A) Inside the vascular bundles
B) Between epidermis and vascular tissue
C) Only in roots
D) Inside the xylem
E) Outside the epidermis
25. Which cells are dead at maturity and provide rigid support?
A) Parenchyma
B) Collenchyma
C) Sclerenchyma
D) Guard cells
E) Phloem cells
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Answer Key with Explanations
1. C – Xylem transports water and minerals from roots to leaves.
2. B – Phloem distributes sugars and other organic molecules.
3. C – Meristems are zones of continuous cell division.
4. C – Apical meristems are found at the tips of roots and shoots.
5. B – The epidermis is the plant’s outermost protective layer.
6. D – Vascular cambium adds layers to xylem and phloem (secondary growth).
7. C – Parenchyma is versatile for storage, photosynthesis, and repair.
8. C – Collenchyma supports young plant tissues while remaining flexible.
9. C – Sclerenchyma cells have thick, lignified walls and are dead at maturity.
10. D – Roots absorb water and minerals from the soil.
11. C – Guard cells control stomata opening for gas exchange.
12. C – Parenchyma makes up most of the soft tissue in plants.
13. D – Lateral meristems contribute to secondary (outward) growth.
14. C – Vascular bundles contain both xylem and phloem.
15. C – Bark includes phloem and cork (protective outer tissue).
16. D – The root cap protects the delicate apical meristem.
17. D – Collenchyma is a support tissue, not part of vascular tissue.
18. B – Apical meristem drives vertical growth.
19. B – Parenchyma cells store nutrients like starch.
20. C – Water moves through tracheids and vessels in the xylem.
21. C – Meristematic tissues generate new plant cells.
22. D – The cuticle helps prevent water loss.
23. B – Lateral meristems (cambium) increase thickness.
24. B – The cortex lies between the epidermis and vascular bundles.
25. C – Sclerenchyma cells, with lignified walls, support and are dead at maturity.
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